電捕焦油器采(cai)用結構形式(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)同心圓式(shi)(shi)(shi)、管式(shi)(shi)(shi)和蜂(feng)窩式(shi)(shi)(shi)等三種。無(wu)論哪種結構，其工作(zuo)原理，即在(zai)金(jin)屬導線與金(jin)屬管壁〔或極(ji)板〕間施加高壓直流電，以維持足以使(shi)氣體產生電離的電場，使(shi)陰陽極(ji)之間形成電暈區。

工作原理:

氣體(ti)(ti)的放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程 : 在(zai)通常情況下氣體(ti)(ti)是不導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的，但在(zai)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)的作用下氣體(ti)(ti)內部的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子便(bian)會獲得足夠(gou)的能量(liang)成(cheng)為自(zi)(zi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子而導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，被稱(cheng)為自(zi)(zi)發性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)現(xian)象(xiang)。氣體(ti)(ti)的自(zi)(zi)發性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)是建立在(zai)非(fei)均(jun)勻(yun)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)中。在(zai)均(jun)勻(yun)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)中，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的增(zeng)加，只要其(qi)間任何一(yi)點發生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)，兩(liang)極間將(jiang)立即充(chong)滿(man)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)子，整個空間的氣體(ti)(ti)被擊穿。此時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)急劇增(zeng)加而形成(cheng)火花放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。而在(zai)非(fei)均(jun)勻(yun)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)強度則隨兩(liang)極間的距離(li)加大而迅速下降。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)捕焦油器(qi)的捕集機(ji)理

氣體的放電過程

在(zai)通常情況下氣體(ti)(ti)是不導電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)，但(dan)在(zai)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)作(zuo)用下氣體(ti)(ti)內(nei)部的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)便(bian)會獲(huo)得足(zu)夠的(de)(de)能量(liang)成為自由電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)而導電(dian)(dian)(dian)，被(bei)稱為自發性電(dian)(dian)(dian)離現象。氣體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)自發性電(dian)(dian)(dian)離是建立(li)在(zai)非均勻(yun)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)場中。在(zai)均勻(yun)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)場中，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)增加，只要其間(jian)任何一點發生電(dian)(dian)(dian)離，兩間(jian)將立(li)即充滿帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)離子(zi)，整(zheng)個空(kong)間(jian)的(de)(de)氣體(ti)(ti)被(bei)擊穿。此(ci)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)流急劇增加而形成火花放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。而在(zai)非均勻(yun)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)場中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)場強度(du)則(ze)隨兩間(jian)的(de)(de)距離加大而迅速下降。

工業中的選擇

根據供電性的(de)不同(tong)，電暈(yun)(yun)(yun)有陰(yin)電暈(yun)(yun)(yun)和陽電暈(yun)(yun)(yun)之分。在工業(ye)生產中，大多采用(yong)陰(yin)電暈(yun)(yun)(yun)，因為在相同(tong)的(de)條件下(xia)，陰(yin)電暈(yun)(yun)(yun)可(ke)以獲得比陽電暈(yun)(yun)(yun)高(gao)的(de)電流，而且其閃絡電壓(ya)也遠(yuan)比陽電暈(yun)(yun)(yun)放電要高(gao)。